Rotary cutter.



- v Nol-704,960. vP-aten'd luly'l, 1902.

' 1. ETT|NGEn. 4fromm! GUTTER.

(Application med oct. 5, 1900.)

2 sheets-snep: l."

(No llodei.)

' Nn. 704,960.. l Patenteduul'y i5, |902.

.. lJ. linmean.

nnTARY u'TTEjn.

(Application filed Get; 5, 1900.-]

(In Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2'..

iff:

witnesses UNITED .STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOEL ET'IINGER, OF CHESTER, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TC THE ETTINGERMACHINE COMPANY, LIMITED, OF CHESTER, PENNSYLVANIA, A PART- NERSHIP.

RQTARYCUTTER,"

sPncIFIoATIoN forming part or Letters meezit No. 704,960, dated .Myraieee. implication tiled October 5 1900. Serial No. 32,161. (No model.) i

T0 LLZZ wtowt it may concorre:

Be it known that I, JOEL ETTINGER,-a citizen of theUnitedStates,*residing'at'Chesteig in the county oAfDelawareand State'ofPenn"-vl sylvania, (whose post-office address is No. 919 Madison street,Chester, Pennsylvania,) have invented-certain newand useful'Improvements in Rotary Critters, of which the following is aspecication.'

My present invention relates to rotary cutters of the class in whichcutting teeth or bits are arranged on supports from which they projectlaterally, and which may be adjusted to the desired extent to adapt thecutters to conform to the'particuiar kind of work to be pro# duced. p AY In my PatentNo. 529,115, of November 1 5, 1894, I have shown arotarycutter in which circular bits Vare arranged on inclined seats disposedalternately' on opposite sides of the flanges of two members ofanexpansible cut" ter-head. The'bits,as shown infsaid patent, arearranged lto cut tongues 'on the edgesrof boards; but they may bearranged, as stated, to cut grooves in boards or to -make cuts givingvarious forms tothe surface acted upon. The bits may be adjustedindependently about their axes, andthe two members ofthe expansible headmay-be adjusted toward and from eachother to accommodate boards' ofdierent sizes ortocut tongues 'or' grooves of various widths. 'It isoftendifticult to clamp the bits so tightly'that' they willbefigced'and'y immovable or to adjust them so that all the cutters shallpresent theirfcuttingedges inthe same circular path.

It is the object ot` my invention to simplify' the construction'of'rotary cuttersvof this class and t0 render them more easy of adjustmentand more rm and rigid when set. n

In carrying out m-y-inventiouI provide an expansible head of an improvedconstruction adapted to support two cutters', which are a'd-4 justableiiatwise towardvand from each other l and which areaformed with teethprojecting from the body portion of the cutters and of the proper shapeto cut a tongue, a groove, or

other form in a piece of wood or other material. The cutters are formedwith portions which interlock, so that lwhen they are adjusted and setone cutter cannot move relatively 'come in con tact with the materialacted upon.

more clearly show their construction.

details of construction.

to the other about its axis in line with the strain produced in working.The cutters are yformed in a novel Way to give side clearance and edgeclearance, and they are formed with 'anges to cover the spaces oropenings other wise left when adjusting them and which lguard theseopenings or spaces and prevent the'accumulation of chips or dirt.- Theteeth are of sufficient size to provide a requisite amount of materialto allow grinding orsharpening, and the bodies of the teeth are soformed that when the teeth are ground at their advancing ends the sameconformation will be given to the advancing ends produced in thegrinding, and the walls of the shaped portions of the teeth in rear ofthe advancing ends are inclined. in such'manner as to give clearanceat'all `pointsiwhich would tend to 7o A more detailed descriptionlofvthe organi# zation of the various parts of my improved cutter and thedetails of construction will be given hereinafter, and the subjectmatter deemed novelfwill be set forth in theclaims. In the accompanyingdrawings, Figure 1 shows a side elevationofanexpansible cutter-headequipped with 'cutters constructed in accordance with my invention'.Fig. 2 shows a vertical section therethrough on the line 212 of Fig.`A3. 4Fig. 3 shows a transverse section on theline 3 'of Fig. 2. f Fig.4t shows ya side elevation of a pair ofcutters constructedin accordanceA my' invention separated a short distance from eachother in order toFig. 5 is a detail view showing in plan the form ot' portions of thecutters. Fig. 6 shows a side 'elevation of a pair of cutters for cuttinggrooves assembled or interlocked in position for operation. Fig. 7 showsa vertical central section through a pair of such cutters. Fig. S is aplan view of a pair of groove-cutting cutters constructed in accordancewith my invention iuterlocked and ready for op-` eration. Fig. 9 is aside elevation'offa -pair of groove-cutting cutters constructed inaccordance with my invention, the two cutters being separated the betterto illustrate the Fig. 10 is a detail view in plan of portions of myimproved groove-cutting cutters. Fig. 11 is a perspec- IOO tive viewshowing details of a groove-forming cutter and illustrating how itoperates upon a piece of board. Fig. l2 is a perspective view showinghow the teeth of the tongue-cutting cutters operate.

The cutters A and B, which will be hereinafter described in` detail, aresupported by a cutter-head O, which comprises two members X and Y,adjustable toward and from each other for the purpose of adjusting thecutters to regulate the width of cut. One member of' the cutter-headconsists of asleeve D, bored centrally to receive the shaft E and formedon one end with a liange or hub d, having an annular recessed portion dto receive the cutter A. The vertical circular wall of the recess d' isscrew-'threaded and matches a corresponding screw-thread in the hub ofthe cutter A. The shaft E extends to near the top of the sleeve D, andthe end of the sleeve is closed by a cap e, which may be secured to thesleeve by screw-threads, as shown, or other suitable devices. Throughthe cap e extends an adjusting-screw e', provided with a locking-nut e2,by which means the cutter-head may be adjusted on the end of the shaft.

The cutter B is supported on the member Y, which consists ot' a sleeveF, having a fiangef at its lower end, which is preferably beveled, asshown, and fits a correspondinglybeveled circular opening in the cutterB. Both of the beveled surfaces are plane or unthreaded, and while thecutter B is held up by the fiange f it is free to rise therefrom or tobe turned thereon as far as the particular formation of the beveledsurfaces is concerned; but the cutter is securely clamped on the fiangefby means of a collar G, which is screw-threaded on its interior and fitsa corresponding screw-thread g, formed on the eX- terior of the sleeve Fabove the ange f. The sleeve D is secured on the shaft E by means of abolt H, which extends through a threaded lateral opening in the sleeve-F and through a vertical slot in the sleeve D and bears against theshaft. bolts e and H the cutter-head may be securely fastened on theshaft E at the desired elevation.

In order to adjust the cutter B toward and from the cutter A, I providea nut I, which operates on a screw-threaded portion of the sleeve D andis loosely connected to the sleeve F. Preferably the sleeve F is formed.at its upper end with an annular recess j", into which the lower end ofthe nut I projects. In order to accomplish the desired result, it isnecessary that the sleeve -F and nut I shall be loosely connected-z'.e., in such manner that the nut may rotate relatively to the sleeve, butat the same time shall move the member Y up and down relatively to theother member, so as to vary the'distance between the cutters. This maybeaccomplished in various Ways. The way yshown in the drawings consists informing annular grooves By means of the a; and y in the sleeve F and nutI and so locating them that they shall register, and thus form acontinuous annular space. This space may contain or may be filled with asuitable key which, while compelling the nut and sleeve to move up anddown together, will permit the nutl to move about its axis Withoutturning the sleeve. In the drawings I have shown the grooves a; and f z/filled with soft metal, such as Babbitt metal. This may be poured intothe grooves through an opening J, which opening may be filled with themetal after the grooves are full. In order to rigidly connect theBabbitt metal with the sleeve F, I form on the sleeve one or more lugsf2, about which the metal is poured, and in order that the nut may turnrelatively to the key I preferably coat the surface of the groove withplumbago or similar material before the metal is poured in. Thearrangement is such that the nut I may be turned about the sleeve Dwithout turning the sleeve F, while the sleeve F is made to move up anddown correspondingly with the nut. In order to conveniently turn thenut,l preferably form it with one or more holes j to receive a wrench orother suitable tool. The sleeve F carries a set-screw f3, by means ofwhich the sleeve F may be tightly clamped to the sleeve D when thecutter-head is not mounted on the shaft, so as to preserve the relativearrangement of the cutters, and this screw'also serves to more securelylock the cutters in their adjusted position after the nut I has beenmanipulated to adjust them. I thus provide an improved cutter-head forcarrying the cutters,which is expansible to adjust the cutters to anydesired extent and Which securely holds the cut-ters in their adj ustedposition when once properly set.

Heretofore rotary cutters of the class to which my invention especiallyrelates have usually been constructed by providing an expansible headwith flanges on which individual bits have' been mounted. Great care isrequired to adjust the bits, and it is very difficult to so secure thebits in their seats that they shall not slip. I overcome thesedifficulties by forming the bits or cutters proper integrally with thebody portion of the cutter, and so form the bits or cutters proper as togive the required clearance at all points Where there would be atendency to bind or heat. l

The cutting edges of my improved cutters are formed on teeth arranged onthe periphery of an annular body portion which is adapted to be carriedby the cutter-head. Two similar cutters are employed and are adjustabletoward and from each other, as hereinafter explained; but each cuttercarries on its peripherya series of teeth formed integrally with thebody portion of the cutter and provided with cutting edges at theiradvancing ends shaped to conform to the figure to be produced and havingthe Walls of the shaped portions in rear of their advanc IOO TIO

ing ends inclined to a'ord the requisite clearance at such points as lieadjacent to the work produced by the cutting edges. Each tooth of thecutter is of sufcient length to provide ample material to allow grindingor sharpening, and the conformation of the tooth is such that as theadvancing end is ground back the same conformation is preserved at thecutting edge, and the same clearance on the walls of the guredportion inrear of the advancing edge is preserved.

The cutters A and B (shown in Figs. l to 5, inclusive) are of the samegeneral form, each of them being circular and hat or diskshaped and eachbeing provided with a series of teeth N. The body portion of each cutterhas acentral opening, allowing it to pass over the end of thecutter-head and to iind its support therein. `Preferably the cutter A isscrew-threaded around its central opening, as before described, to fitthe screw-threaded portion d of the member X of the cutter-head, Whilethe cutter. B is beveled at its central opening to conform to thebeveled flange f on the sleeve of the other member Y of the cntter-head.Each cutter has a series of teeth N around its periphery and formedintegrally with the body portion of the cutter. The teeth are arrangedat suitable distances apart, leaving spaces n Abetween them to receivethe teeth of the other cutter. By this means the cutters themselves aremade to interlock. One cutter cannot move about its axis relatively tothe other cutter, but both must necessarily move together, and as theteeth are all formed integrally withV the body portions of the cuttersthe teeth carrying the cutting edges must also all move together withoutany possibility whatever of one or more teeth moving relatively to theothers, and thus getting ont of adj ustment. Preferably the teeth arearranged on projections n. (Illustrated more particularly in Fig. l2.)These projections form shoulders n2 n3, and when the cutters areassembled and interlock the opposite ends of the teeth fit closelyagainst these shoulders, the arrangement being such that the cutters maymove vertically relatively to each other, but are prevented from movingin any other direction. Each tooth Nof the cutters (shown in Figs. l to5, inclusive, and in Fig. l2)` is formed with-an advancing end n4,having an outer cutting edge n5,suitably shaped to cut the proper ligureon the material acted upon. The tooth at its front end is of sufficientwidth to hold the cutting edge a su fcient distance from the peripheryof the body portion of the cutter, and the surface between the cut` tingedge and the inner end of the advancing end of the tooth is preferablycut back or beveled in the manner indicated. The outer Wallas of eachtooth, which is either the top wall or bottom wall of the tooth,according to whether the toothA is on `the upper cutter or on the lowercutter, may be made perfectly straight or horizontal, as this portion ofthe tooth does not come in contact with the mate rial acted upon. Theouter wall or periphery 'nl of each tooth is, however, inclined-that is,it is circular, but'of gradually decreasing radius from the outercutting edge n.5 to the heel u8 of the tooth. By this construction anedge clearance is given to the tooth, which will prevent binding orheating where it comes in contact with or in proximity to the materialat the point indicated by z.

The walls nl and n10 of the shaped portion of lthe tooth in rear of theadvancing end thereof` are also inclined in such manner as to provideclearance. The wall nl is shaped correspondingly with the outer wall orperiphery of the tooth-that is, it gradually decreases in radius fromthe advancing'cutting end-of the tooth to the heel thereof. The wall amis grad ually inclined rearwardly from the advancing endl of the toothtoward the top or bottom ofv the tooth, according to Whether the toothis on theupper or lower cutter-that is, this wall uw inclines rearwardlyaway from the tongue P on the board, so as to give clearance to the walln10. It will thus be seen that as the tooth rotates the tongue is cut onthe board by the advancing edge n, while the shaped walls in rear of theadvancing cutting edge are so formed as to provide clearance at allpoints which would tend to come in contact with the material acted upon.vEach of the cutters is 'provided with a series of iianges O, projectingfrom that side of the teeth on which the shaped portion is formed andprojecting into the recesses between the teeth of the opposing cutter.This is clearly indicated in Fig; l2. The purpose of these ilanges is toclose the spaces which would `otherwise be left between the cutters, inwhich there would be a tendency for chips and dirt to accumulate.Thisarrangement is illustrated in Fig. 2 and-also 'in Fig. '7.v f

It will be seen by reference to Fig. 7, and particularly to theleft-hand side thereof, that ifthe a'nges O were omitted there would bean opening between the body portions of the cutters which would allowthe entrance of chips and dirt. This would be especially apparent if thecutters were adjusted a wide distance apart.

When the cutters are new and the teeth have not been ground to any greatextent, it is necessary to hold the cutters a maximum distance apart ora considerable distance apart,as indicated in Fig. 2. 'After the teethhave been ground it is necessary lto adjust the cutters closer togetherin order that the cutting edges of the teeth may be properly disposed tocut the required width 'of tongue or groove, because,jas'beforeexplained, the walls ai n10, as well as the wall nl of the teeth, areinclined, and 'therefore the walls n10 oniopposing cutters would bel toowide apart to produce the same width of'to'ngue or groove unless thecutters were adjusted bodily in the manner specified. The sameprinciples of construction apply not only to cutters adapt- IOO ed toform tongues,'but also to cutters adapted tol form grooves, in themanner indicated in Fig. ll. Itv will be seen that each tooth of thesecutters has an outer wall q of graduallydecreasing radius from advancingend to heel, and the wall q', inside the tang or that portion of thetooth which enters the groove and which is parallel with the wall q,isalso of gradually-decreasing radius, while the wall q2 on the inner sideof the tang inclines rearwardly and inwardly (upwardly or downwardly,according to whether the tang is on the upper or lower cutter) from thefront or advancing end of the tooth toward the heel. The wall g3 of thetooth need not be inclined to give it clearance, nor need the wall Q4 beinclined, as this latter wall does not come in contact with thematerial. The wall 13 need not be inclined, because, inasmuch' as theteeth of the upper and lower cutters are made to overlap, the teeth onone cutter clear lthe Way for one side of the tooth on the oppositecutter,`

and hence there is no' necessity for making provision for clearance.This is illustrated in Fig. 1l, where it will be seen that the teeth onthe upper cutter are somewhat narrower than the groove produced; but theteeth on the opposing cutter overlap the horizontal plane between theteeth of the two cutters, so that the teeth on the lower cutter clearthe way for the lower portion of the teeth on the upper cutter, asindicated at w in Fig. ll, so that there is no tendency to bind alongthe lower surface of the teeth of the upper cutter, and hence the lowersides of the teeth need not be specially shaped to give clearance. Inlike manner the teeth of the upper cutter clear the way for the uppersurface g3 of the lower cutter.

I have illustrated the manner in which my improvements may be applied tocutters adapted to cut plane tongues and grooves on boards; but the sameprinciples of construction may be applied to cutters of differentconfiguration adapted to form different configurations on boards orother material in order to give Various shapes thereto. My irnprovedcutters possess material advantages over those now generally in use. Asbefore stated, the formation of the teeth integrally with the bodyportions of the 'cutters insures rigidity, so that-the teeth cannot bemoved or loosened when in operation. The cutters may be readily removedfrom the cutter-head and replaced by other similar cutters.

The interlocking feature by which the opposing cutters are connectedinsures that one series of cutters shall not move relatively to theothers except toward and from each other, and the cutters are guidedwhen being assembled, so as to assume the proper relative position. Theflanges before referred to prevent clogging, and the particularformation given to the teeth provides for their efficient operationwithout binding or heating.

I claim as my inventionl. A cutter-head comprising two members, one ofwhich is provided with devices for securing one of the cutters in place,and the other of which is provided with independent devices for securingthe other cutter in place, means for adjusting one member of thecutter-head toward and from the other, a circular cutter-disk arrangedconcentric with the axis of one member of the cutter-head formedintegrally with a series of teeth on its periphery and directly securedto this member of the cutter-head, a similar circular cutter-diskarranged concentric with the axis of the other member of the cutter-headformed with a series of teeth on its periphery and connected directly tosaid other member of the cutter head.

2. The combination of -an expansible cutter-head and two opposingcutters, each comprising a disk formed integrally with a series of teethon its periphery and each disk being arranged concentric with the axisof the cutter-head and movable toward and from each other coincidentlywith the movement ofthe two members of the cutter-head, said disks beingalso formed with projections which interlock, substantially asdescribed.

3. The combination of acutter-head member having a iiangedscrew-threaded portion, a circular cutter secured to such threadedportion, a second cutter-head member having a tapered flange, a circularcutter provided with a series of teeth on its periphery and having atapered opening tting the tapered flange, a clamping-collar for holdingthe cut ter on the tapered iiange, and means for adjusting thecutter-head members t0` move the cutters toward and from each other.

4. The combination of a cutter-head member consisting of a sleeve havinga iianged end to receive a cutter, a second cutter-head membersurrounding the sleeve of the first member and having a flanged end toreceive another cutter, a screw-collar for clamping the cutter on theouter member of the cutterhead, a bolt extending through a threaded holein the outer member of the cutter and through a slot in the sleeve ofthe inner member, a nut engaging a screw-threaded portion of the sleeveof the inner member of the cutter-head, and connections between the nut.

JOEL ETTINGER.

Witnesses:

W. W. Moss, ARTHUR D. ANDERSON.

IOO

IIO

